CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL OF NATURAL MARBLE
Natural marble is widely used in modern construction because of its elegance, luxury, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It is a practical and theoretical problem in engineering quality management to pay attention to the causes of common quality problems of natural marble, its quality control and improvement of construction technology.
Common quality defects and causes of Dali stone installation construction technology
1.1 hollowing of marble wall
On the other hand, marble contains CaCO3 and many kinds of mineral materials and other impurities. The long-term wind, frost, rain, snow and sun will cause its discoloration and fading.
When CaCO3 in marble meets with acids in the air, chemical reaction takes place, forming water-soluble gypsum, which makes its surface dull and rough, leading to pitting cracking and falling off.
1.2 the joint of the plate is not straight, and the texture of the plate surface is not smooth
The main reasons are improper treatment of base or matrix, local concave and convex surface; the finished plates are not strictly selected, with different designs and colors, incorrect specifications, cracks, pollution and damage; no trial assembly number before installation and construction; high layered grouting height; improper construction sequence, etc.
1.3 marble veneer cracking
The main reason is that when the marble board is inlaid on the outer wall or close to the wet space such as kitchen and toilet, the installation is rough, the grouting of the board joint is not strict, the erosive and damp gas infiltrates into the board joint, which makes the metal connector rust and expand, and the marble board cracks under the deformation thrust;
When the color grain dark joint or other hidden defects of marble slab, due to the stress concentration caused by the structural settlement, the weak part of the stone is cracked; when the surface is vertically pasted, the upper and lower spaces are small, the structure is compressed and deformed, and the plate is cracked by the vertical pressure.
1.4 marble veneer damage pollution
The main reasons are the problems of site management, improper operation in the process of plate transportation, storage and ex warehouse, etc.; the residual mortar was not removed immediately during the construction process; the construction site protection work was not done well after the installation.
2 preparation for construction and installation of natural marble materials
2.1 mounting preparation
First, check the actual deviation of the structure according to the design drawings, check the vertical flatness of the base wall, and chisel or repair the parts with large deviation; second, measure the actual height of the column center line, as well as the horizontal line between the upper and lower parts of the column, and determine the specification and size of the veneer block;
For the one side of stair wainscot and complex shape, the side shall be solid first, and if necessary, other materials shall be used for full size detail proofreading. Finally, according to the actual measurement of the specification and size of the wall column, the width of the joint between the decorative panels is calculated, and the plate arrangement is calculated. According to the installation sequence number, the block and node detail drawing is drawn, which is used as the basis for processing and ordering.
2.2 treatment of installation surface and setting out and leveling
First of all, the construction base or base course shall have enough stability and rigidity to make the surface flat but rough. The smooth surface shall be roughened first, with a chiseling depth of 5-15mm and a spacing of > 15mm. The base or base course surface shall have residues such as mortar, dust and oil stains, which shall be brushed with steel wire and then washed with clean water. When the column is inlaid with marble, the center line and horizontal line of the column shall be marked according to the dimension of the building axis as the leveling datum.
2.3 stone inspection and numbering
After the opening of the stone package, strictly select the plates with the same color and specifications without missing edges and corners; then carry out trial assembly according to the design size, cover the square and grind the edges, check the flatness, measure the perpendicularity of the edges and corners, make the size meet the design requirements, control the actual size after inlaying, and ensure the uniform width and height; the color change should be natural, and the color of the same wall or facade should be uniform.
When matching the patterns, try to make the upper, lower, left and right smooth and harmonious, the texture is natural, and the same pattern should be symmetrical, so as to be integrated; when pre matching the numbers, the inlay parts should be strictly selected, and the plates with good texture and color should be used for the main space parts.
3 improvement of natural marble stone construction
The traditional paving technology of natural Dali stone is to pre hang steel mesh lead wire on the base and then pour mortar. This process is tedious, complex and costly. In engineering, it often causes quality problems such as poor adhesion and uneven surface due to improper control.
The improved technology is a new construction technology based on the absorption of foreign advanced technology and the advantages of traditional technology. The construction preparation method of this process is basically the same as that of the traditional process. Other technical points are as follows:
3.1 substrate treatment
Firstly, wet the cleaned substrate with water, pave and plaster 1:1 cement mortar, use coarse sand or medium sand, and brush the back of stone with water to enhance the bonding force;
3.2 plate drilling
Use electric drill to drill holes at 1 / 4 side length from both ends of the plate, with hole depth of 35-40mm and hole diameter of 6mm. When the plate width is ≤ 500mm, the number of holes is 2; when the plate width is > 500mm, the number of holes is 3;
When the plate width is more than 800mm, the number of holes is 4. Then drill a straight hole on both sides of the plate, the hole location is 100mm from the lower end of the plate, the hole diameter is 6mm, the hole depth is 35 ~ 40mm, the length and width of the upper and lower straight holes should be no less than 70cm and 30cm respectively, and the distance from the plate edge should be no less than 100cm, and the slotting form and plane position are shown in Figure 1.
Common quality defects and causes of Dali stone installation construction technology
1.1 hollowing of marble wall
On the other hand, marble contains CaCO3 and many kinds of mineral materials and other impurities. The long-term wind, frost, rain, snow and sun will cause its discoloration and fading.
When CaCO3 in marble meets with acids in the air, chemical reaction takes place, forming water-soluble gypsum, which makes its surface dull and rough, leading to pitting cracking and falling off.
1.2 the joint of the plate is not straight, and the texture of the plate surface is not smooth
The main reasons are improper treatment of base or matrix, local concave and convex surface; the finished plates are not strictly selected, with different designs and colors, incorrect specifications, cracks, pollution and damage; no trial assembly number before installation and construction; high layered grouting height; improper construction sequence, etc.
1.3 marble veneer cracking
The main reason is that when the marble board is inlaid on the outer wall or close to the wet space such as kitchen and toilet, the installation is rough, the grouting of the board joint is not strict, the erosive and damp gas infiltrates into the board joint, which makes the metal connector rust and expand, and the marble board cracks under the deformation thrust;
When the color grain dark joint or other hidden defects of marble slab, due to the stress concentration caused by the structural settlement, the weak part of the stone is cracked; when the surface is vertically pasted, the upper and lower spaces are small, the structure is compressed and deformed, and the plate is cracked by the vertical pressure.
1.4 marble veneer damage pollution
The main reasons are the problems of site management, improper operation in the process of plate transportation, storage and ex warehouse, etc.; the residual mortar was not removed immediately during the construction process; the construction site protection work was not done well after the installation.
2 preparation for construction and installation of natural marble materials
2.1 mounting preparation
First, check the actual deviation of the structure according to the design drawings, check the vertical flatness of the base wall, and chisel or repair the parts with large deviation; second, measure the actual height of the column center line, as well as the horizontal line between the upper and lower parts of the column, and determine the specification and size of the veneer block;
For the one side of stair wainscot and complex shape, the side shall be solid first, and if necessary, other materials shall be used for full size detail proofreading. Finally, according to the actual measurement of the specification and size of the wall column, the width of the joint between the decorative panels is calculated, and the plate arrangement is calculated. According to the installation sequence number, the block and node detail drawing is drawn, which is used as the basis for processing and ordering.
2.2 treatment of installation surface and setting out and leveling
First of all, the construction base or base course shall have enough stability and rigidity to make the surface flat but rough. The smooth surface shall be roughened first, with a chiseling depth of 5-15mm and a spacing of > 15mm. The base or base course surface shall have residues such as mortar, dust and oil stains, which shall be brushed with steel wire and then washed with clean water. When the column is inlaid with marble, the center line and horizontal line of the column shall be marked according to the dimension of the building axis as the leveling datum.
2.3 stone inspection and numbering
After the opening of the stone package, strictly select the plates with the same color and specifications without missing edges and corners; then carry out trial assembly according to the design size, cover the square and grind the edges, check the flatness, measure the perpendicularity of the edges and corners, make the size meet the design requirements, control the actual size after inlaying, and ensure the uniform width and height; the color change should be natural, and the color of the same wall or facade should be uniform.
When matching the patterns, try to make the upper, lower, left and right smooth and harmonious, the texture is natural, and the same pattern should be symmetrical, so as to be integrated; when pre matching the numbers, the inlay parts should be strictly selected, and the plates with good texture and color should be used for the main space parts.
3 improvement of natural marble stone construction
The traditional paving technology of natural Dali stone is to pre hang steel mesh lead wire on the base and then pour mortar. This process is tedious, complex and costly. In engineering, it often causes quality problems such as poor adhesion and uneven surface due to improper control.
The improved technology is a new construction technology based on the absorption of foreign advanced technology and the advantages of traditional technology. The construction preparation method of this process is basically the same as that of the traditional process. Other technical points are as follows:
3.1 substrate treatment
Firstly, wet the cleaned substrate with water, pave and plaster 1:1 cement mortar, use coarse sand or medium sand, and brush the back of stone with water to enhance the bonding force;
3.2 plate drilling
Use electric drill to drill holes at 1 / 4 side length from both ends of the plate, with hole depth of 35-40mm and hole diameter of 6mm. When the plate width is ≤ 500mm, the number of holes is 2; when the plate width is > 500mm, the number of holes is 3;
When the plate width is more than 800mm, the number of holes is 4. Then drill a straight hole on both sides of the plate, the hole location is 100mm from the lower end of the plate, the hole diameter is 6mm, the hole depth is 35 ~ 40mm, the length and width of the upper and lower straight holes should be no less than 70cm and 30cm respectively, and the distance from the plate edge should be no less than 100cm, and the slotting form and plane position are shown in Figure 1.
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